DOS VIDEOS... DOS: Lera BORODITSKY

How language shapes the way we think

Cómo el lenguaje determina nuestra forma de pensar

Lenguaje y pensamiento TED Talks

Entrevista en BBVA Aprendamos Juntos 2030

Does Language Shape Thought?

Mandarin and English Speakers’ Conceptions of Time

 

Lera BORODISTKY

Stanford University

 

Does the language you speak affect how you think about the world? 

This question is taken up in three experiments.

 

English and Mandarin talk about time differently: English predominantly talks about time as if it were horizontal, while Mandarin also commonly describes time as vertical. 

 

This difference between the two languages is reflected in the way their speakers think about time.

 

In one study, Mandarin speakers tended to think about time vertically even when they were thinking for English (Mandarin speakers were faster to confirm that March comes earlier than April if they had just seen a vertical array of objects than if they had just seen a horizontal array, and the reverse was true for English speakers).

 

Another study showed that the extent to which Mandarin–English bilinguals think about time vertically is related to how old they were when they first began to learn English.

 

In another experiment native English speakers were taught to talk about time using vertical spatial terms in a way similar to Mandarin. On a subsequent test, this group of English speakers showed the same bias to think about time vertically as was observed with Mandarin speakers.

 

It is concluded that (1) language is a powerful tool in shaping thought about abstract domains and (2) one’s native language plays an important role in shaping habitual thought (e.g., how one tends to think about time) but does not entirely determine one’s thinking in the strong Whorfian sense.

Does the language you speak shape the way you understand the world?

 

Linguists, philosophers, anthropologists, and psychologists have long been interested in this question. 

This interest has been fueled in large part by the observation that different languages talk about the world differently.

 

Does the fact that languages differ mean that people who speak different languages think about the world differently? 

 

Does learning new languages change the way one thinks? 

Do polyglots think differently when speaking different languages?

 

Although such questions have long been issues of interest and controversy, definitive answers are scarce. This article briefly reviews the empirical history of these questions and describes three new experiments that demonstrate the role of language in shaping habitual thought.

 

For example, Slobin (1987, 1996) has suggested that language may influence thought during ‘‘thinking for speaking.’’ Languages force us to attend to certain aspects of our experience by making them grammatically obligatory. Therefore, speakers of different languages may be biased to attend to and encode different aspects of their experience while speaking.

 

First, speakers of different languages are usually tested only in their native language. Any differences in these comparisons can only show the effect of a language on thinking for that particular language.

 

Second, comparing studies conducted in different languages poses a deeper problem: There is simply no way to be certain that the stimuli and instructions are truly the same in both languages.

 

There is no sure way to guard against this possibility when tasks are translated into different languages.

 

A third limitation is that even when nonlinguistic tasks (such as sorting into categories or making similarity judgments) are used, the tasks themselves are quite explicit. Sorting and similarity judgment tasks require participants to decide on a strategy for completing the task. How should I divide these things into two categories?

 

These results suggest that experience with a language can shape the way one thinks

 

DOS VIDEOS... UNO: Keith CHEN

Keith CHEN

Could your language affect your ability to save money?

¿Puede su idioma afectar a su capacidad de ahorro?

https://www.ted.com/talks/keith_chen_could_your_language_affect_your_ability_to_save_money?subtitle=es

Juli GARBULSKY

Zombies en la escuela —video

INGLÉS 4 — EXERCISES / UNA VEZ MÁS

INGLÉS 4 / FEB – JUL 2024

 

Lista de verbos en este enlace...  

 

1.

1.1 Revisión de Inglés 1

1.2 Revisión de Inglés 2

1.3 Revisión de Inglés 3

 

2.

2.1 Voz pasiva en presente

2.2 Voz pasiva en pasado

 

3.

3.1 Condicional 2

3.2 Pasado perfecto

3.3 Condicional 3

 

 

 

REVISIÓN DE INGLÉS 1

 

INGLÉS 1 — PRONOMBRE PERSONAL SUJETO

Personal pronouns — Exercise 1

3111 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/pronouns/personal_pronouns.htm

 

Personal pronouns — Exercise 2

3113 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/pronouns/personal_pronouns2.htm

 

Personal pronouns — Exercise 3

3115 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/pronouns/personal_pronouns7.htm

 

Personal pronouns — To Learn English 1

SN https://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-5556.php

 

Personal pronouns — To Learn English 2

SN https://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-5158.php

 

 

 

INGLÉS 1 — PRONOMBRES PERSONALES OBJETO

Personal pronouns in English – Object forms – Exercise 1

3125 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/pronouns/personal_pronouns4.htm

 

Personal pronouns in English – Object forms – Exercise 2
3135 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/pronouns/personal_pronouns3.htm

 

Object Pronouns in English — Exercises

SN http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=1965

 

Object Pronouns — My English Pages

SN http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-exercise-object-pronouns.php

 

 

 

INGLÉS 1 — PPS / PPO / ADJETIVOS POSESIVOS

Personal pronouns or Possessive determiners – Exercise 2

3117 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/pronouns/personal_pronouns8.htm

 

Possessive determiners in English – Exercise 3

3119 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/pronouns/possessive_determiners.htm

 

Possessive determiners in English – Exercise 2

3123 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/pronouns/possessive_determiners2.htm

 

 

 

INGLÉS 1 — BE EN PRESENTE

The forms of be (am, are, is) in English – Exercise 1

1719 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/be.htm

 

The forms of be (am, are, is) – Exercise 2

1721 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/be2.htm

 

The verb be (am, are, is) in a text

1717 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/be3.htm

 

 

 

INGLÉS 1 — PRESENTE PROGRESIVO

Ending -ing in English – Crossword 1

4611 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/progressive_ing.htm

 

Ending -ing in English – Crossword 2

4613 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/progressive_ing2.htm

 

Present Progressive – am, are, is – Exercise

4051 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/present_progressive_auxiliaries.htm

 

Present Progressive – Auxiliaries and verbs – Exercise

4061 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/present_progressive_auxiliaries2.htm

 

Sentences and questions in Present Progressive – Exercise 1

4071 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/present_progressive_mix.htm

 

Sentences and questions in Present Progressive – Exercise 2
4073 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/present_progressive_mix2.htm

 

Present Progressive – Negations – Long forms – Exercise 1

4063 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/present_progressive_negation_long.htm

 

Present Progressive – Negations – Long forms – Exercise 2

4065 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/present_progressive_negation_long2.htm

 

Present Progressive – Negations – Short/contracted forms – Exercise 1

4067 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/present_progressive_negation_contracted.htm

 

Present Progressive – Negations – Short/contracted forms – Exercise 2

4069 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/present_progressive_negation_contracted2.htm

 

Present Progressive – Statements – Short forms – Exercise 1

4057 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/present_progressive_statements_contracted.htm

 

Present Progressive – Statements – Contracted forms – Exercise 2

4059 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/present_progressive_statements_contracted2.htm

 

Present Progressive – Statements – Long forms – Exercise 1

4053 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/present_progressive_statements_long.htm

 

Present Progressive – Statements – Long forms – Exercise 2

4055 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/present_progressive_statements_long2.htm

 

Questions in Present Progressive – Exercise 1

1311 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/questions/present_progressive.htm

 

Questions in Present Progressive – Exercise 2

1371 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/questions/present_progressive2.htm

 

 

 

INGLÉS 1 — PRESENTE SIMPLE

Ending -s in the Simple Present – Crossword 1

4019 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_present_s3.htm

 

Ending -s in the Simple Present – Crossword 2

4021 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_present_s4.htm

 

Simple Present – 3rd person _s – Exercise 1

4015 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_present_s.htm

 

Simple Present – 3rd person _s – Exercise 2

4017 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_present_s2.htm

 

Positive statements in the Simple Present – Exercise 1

4011 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_present_statements.htm

 

Positive statements in the Simple Present – Exercise 2

4013 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_present_statements2.htm

 

Simple Present – Negation of sentences in English – Exercise 1

4023 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_present_negation_sentences.htm

 

Simple Present – Negation of sentences in English – Exercise 2

4037 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_present_negation_sentences2.htm

 

Simple Present – Negation of sentences in English – Exercise 3

4043 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_present_negation_sentences3.htm

 

Simple Present – Negations – Long forms – Exercise 1

4027 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_present_negation_long.htm

 

Simple Present – Negations – Long forms – Exercise 2

4029 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_present_negation_long2.htm

 

Negations in the Simple Present – Exercise 1

4035 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_present_negation.htm

 

Negations in the Simple Present, don't or doesn't – Exercise 2

4025 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_present_negation2.htm

 

Simple Present – Negations – Contracted forms – Exercise 1

4031 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_present_negation_contracted.htm

 

Simple Present – Negations – Contracted forms – Exercise 2

4033 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_present_negation_contracted2.htm

 

Sentences and questions in the Simple Present – Exercise 1

4039 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_present_mix.htm

 

Sentences and questions in the Simple Present – Exercise 2

4041 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_present_mix2.htm

 

Questions in the Simple Present – Exercise 1

1313 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/questions/simple_present.htm

 

Questions in the Simple Present – Exercise 2

1315 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/questions/simple_present2.htm

 

 

 

REVISIÓN DE INGLÉS 2

 

INGLÉS 2 — PASADO PROGRESIVO

Past Progressive – Statements – Exercise 1

4311 -https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/past_progressive_statements.htm

 

Past Progressive – Statements – Exercise 2

4313 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/past_progressive_statements2.htm

 

Negations in the Past Progressive – Exercise 1

4315 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/past_progressive_negation_sentences.htm

 

Negations in the Past Progressive – Exercise 2

4317 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/past_progressive_negation_sentences2.htm

 

Questions in the Past Progressive – Exercise 1

1363 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/questions/past_progressive.htm

 

Questions in the Past Progressive – Exercise 2

1365 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/questions/past_progressive2.htm

 

Sentences and questions in the Past Progressive – Exercise 1

4319 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/past_progressive_mix.htm

 

Questions and sentences in the Past Progressive – Exercise 2

4321 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/past_progressive_mix2.htm

 

 

 

INGLÉS 2 — PASADO SIMPLE

Ending -ed in the Simple Past – Crossword 1

4119 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_ed3.htm

 

Ending _ed in the Simple Past – Crossword 2

4121 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_ed4.htm

 

Ending _ed in the Simple Past – Exercise 1

3617 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_ed.htm

 

Ending _ed in the Simple Past – Exercise 2

3619 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_ed2.htm

 

Positive statements in the Simple Past – Exercise 1

4111 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_statements.htm

 

Positive statements in the Simple Past – Exercise 2

4113 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_statements2.htm

 

Simple Past – Negation of sentences in English – Exercise 1

4115 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_negation_sentences.htm

 

Simple Past – Negation of sentences in English – Exercise 2

4117 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_negation_sentences2.htm

 

Simple Past – Negation of sentences in English – Exercise 3

4127 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_negation_sentences3.htm

 

Questions in the Simple Past – Exercise 1

1373 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/questions/simple_past.htm

 

Questions in Simple Past – Exercise 2

1375 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/questions/simple_past2.htm

 

Sentences and questions in the Simple Past – Exercise 1

4123 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_mix.htm

 

Sentences and questions in the Simple Past – Exercise 2

4125 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_mix2.htm

 

 

 

REVISIÓN DE INGLÉS 3

 

INGLÉS 3 — FUTURO GOING TO

Going to-future – Statements – Exercise

4223 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/going_to_future_statements.htm

 

Negations in the going to-future – Exercise

4225 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/going_to_future_negation.htm

 

Questions in the going to-future – Exercise 1

1359 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/questions/going_to_future.htm

 

Questions in the going to-future – Exercise 2

1361 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/questions/going_to_future2.htm

 

Sentences and questions in the going to-future – Exercise 1

4227 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/going_to_future_mix.htm

 

Sentences and questions in the going to-future – Exercise 2

4229 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/going_to_future_mix2.htm

 

Sentences and questions in the going to-future – Exercise 3

4231 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/going_to_future_mix3.htm

 

 

 

INGLÉS 3 — FUTURO WILL

Will-future – Statements – Exercise

4211 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/will_future_statements.htm

 

Negations in the will-future – Exercise

4213 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/will_future_negation.htm

Questions in the will-future – Exercise 1

1377 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/questions/will_future.htm

 

Questions in the will-future – Exercise 2

1379 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/questions/will_future2.htm

 

Sentences and questions in the will-future – Exercise 1

4215 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/will_future_mix.htm

 

Sentences and questions in the will-future – Exercise 2

4217 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/will_future_mix2.htm

 

 

 

INGLÉS 3 — PRESENTE PERFECTO

4151 Present Perfect – Sentences – Exercise 1

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/present_perfect_statements.htm

 

4153 Present Perfect – Sentences – Exercise 2

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/present_perfect_statements2.htm

 

4155 Negations in the Present Perfect – Exercise 1

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/present_perfect_negation.htm

 

4157 Negations in the Present Perfect – Exercise 2

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/present_perfect_negation2.htm

 

1367 Questions in the Present Perfect – Exercise 1

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/questions/present_perfect.htm

 

1369 Questions in Present Perfect – Exercise 2

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/questions/present_perfect2.htm

 

4161 Sentences and questions in the Present Perfect – Exercise 1

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/present_perfect_mix.htm

 

4163 Sentences and questions in the Present Perfect – Exercise 2

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/present_perfect_mix2.htm

 

4159 Sentences in the Present Perfect with already and yet – Exercise

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/present_perfect_already_yet.htm

 

 

 

INGLÉS 4

 

PARTICIPIO PASADO

Lista de verbos AQUÍ

INGLÉS 4 — VOZ PASIVA

Active or Passive in English – Exercise 1

2711 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/active_passive/active_or_passive.htm

 

Active or Passive in English – Exercise 2

2713 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/active_passive/active_or_passive1.htm

 

Active or Passive in English – Exercise 3

2715 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/active_passive/active_or_passive2.htm

 

Word order in Passive – Exercise 1

2737 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/active_passive/word_order.htm

 

Word order in Passive – Exercise 2

2739 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/active_passive/word_order2.htm

 

Word order in Passive – Exercise 3

2741 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/active_passive/word_order3.htm

 

Word order in Passive – Exercise 4

2743 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/active_passive/word_order4.htm

 

Passive sentences – Exercise

2725 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/active_passive/passive_sentences1.htm

 

Passive sentences in the Simple Present

2717 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/active_passive/sentences_simple_present.htm

 

Passive sentences in the Simple Present

2729 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/active_passive/form_sentences_simple_present.htm

 

 

 

INGLÉS 4 — AUXILIARES MODALES

 

 

 

INGLÉS 4 — CONDICIONAL 2

2025 Conditional sentences type II – statements – Exercise

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/if_clauses/type_2_statements.htm

 

2027 Conditional sentences type II – negations – Exercise

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/if_clauses/type_2_negation.htm

 

2029 Conditional sentences type II – mixed – Exercise

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/if_clauses/type_2_mix.htm

 

2031 Conditional sentences type II – mixed with negations – Exercise

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/if_clauses/type_2_mix2.htm

 

2033 Conditional sentences type II – Exercise – easy

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/if_clauses/type_2_mix3.htm

 

2035 Conditional sentences type II – Exercise – medium

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/if_clauses/type_2_mix4.htm

INGLÉS 4 — PASADO PERFECTO

Form of the Past Perfect

SN https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/past_perfect_form.htm

 

4251 Past Perfect – Sentences – Exercise

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/past_perfect.htm

 

4253 Past Perfect – Negations – Exercise

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/past_perfect_negation.htm

 

4255 Past Perfect – Mixed Exercise

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/past_perfect_mix.htm

 

1399 Questions in the Past Perfect – Exercise

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/past_perfect_questions.htm

 

4439 Past Perfect and Simple Past (Statements) – Exercise

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/past_perfect_simple_past.htm

 

 

INGLÉS 4 —CONDICIONAL 3

2039 Conditional sentences, type I and II, Multiple Choice – Exercise

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/if_clauses/multiple_choice.htm

 

2045 Conditional sentences, type III, statements – Exercise

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/if_clauses/type_3_statements.htm

 

2047 Conditional sentences, type III, negations – Exercise

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/if_clauses/type_3_negation.htm

 

2049 Conditional sentences III – mixed – Exercise

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/if_clauses/type_3_mix.htm

 

2051 Conditional sentences III – mixed with negations – Exercise 

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/if_clauses/type_3_mix2.htm

 

2053 Conditional sentences III, Exercise – easy

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/if_clauses/type_3_mix3.htm

 

2055 Conditional sentences III, Exercise – medium

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/if_clauses/type_3_mix4.htm

 

2061 Conditional sentences, type I to III, Multiple Choice – Exercise 1

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/if_clauses/multiple_choice2.htm

 

2063 Conditional sentences, type I to III, Multiple Choice – Exercise 2

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/if_clauses/multiple_choice3.htm

 

2069 Conditional sentences, all types, special forms – Exercise

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/if_clauses/multiple_choice4.htm